Epidemiology: Global and Public Health Essay

The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of mankind wellness, including pertinent dates and signifi open firet events and the different aspects of semipublic and fellowship-based health. macrocosm health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (Winslow, 1920). It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as overlarge as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). The dimensions of health can encompass a state of complete physical, mental and social social welfare and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, as defined by the United Nations World wellness Organization. national health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biosta tistics and health service. Environmental health, community of interests health, behavioral health and occupational health atomic number 18 other fundamental subfields.The localise of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through the stripe and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and the forwarding of bouncing behaviors. Promotion of hand washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, and the distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases are examples of common public health measures. The origins of the Public wellness Service can be traced to the passage of an exploit in 1798 that provided for the dispense and relief of sick and injured merchant seamen. Reorganization in 1870 converted the let go of network of locally controlled infirmarys into a centrally controlled Marine Hospital Service, with its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The posit ion of supervising Surgeon (later Surgeon General) was created to administer the Service, and John Maynard Woodworth was appointed as the depression incumbent in1871.The licenced officer corps (now known as the Commissi 1d Corps of the U.S. Public health Service or the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps) was established by legislation in 1889. At first open only to physicians, over the course of the twentieth century, the Corps expanded to include veterinarians, dentists, Physician Assistants, salubrious engineers, pharmacists, nurses, sanitarians, scientists, and other health professionals. Quarantine was originally a state function rather than federal, but the subject Quarantine Act of 1878 vested quarantine authority to the Marine Hospital Service and the content Board of Health. The National Board was not reauthorized by Congress in 1883 and its powers reverted to the Marine Hospital Service. Over the next one-half a century, the Marine Hospital Service increasingly took over quarantine functions from state authorities. As in-migration increased dramatically in the late nineteenth century, the Federal Government withal took over the affect of immigrants from the states, beginning in 1891.Because of the broadening responsibilities of the Service, its name was changed in 1902 to the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, and again in 1912 to just the Public Health Service. As the century progressed, PHS commissioned officers served their country by autocratic the spread of contagious diseases such as smallpox and yellow fever, conducting important biomedical research, regulating the forage and drug supply, providing health care to underserved groups, supplying medical assistance in the aftermath of disasters, and in legion(predicate) other ways. Today the mission of the Commissioned Corps of the PHS is Protecting, promoting, and advancing the health and safety of the Nation. The Public Health Service Act of 1944 structured the United S tates Public Health Service (PHS) as the primary part of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which later became the United States Department of Health and tender-hearted Services.As one of the United States seven uniformed serve, the PHS Commissioned Corps fills public health leadership and service roles inwardly federal government agencies and programs. The PHS Commissioned Corps includes officers drawn from many professions, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, psychology, social work, hospital administration, health record administration, nutrition, engineering, science, veterinary, health information technology, and other health-relatedoccupations. Agencies within the Public Health Service are * Administration for Children and Families (ACF)* Administration on Aging (AoA)* Agency for Healthcare interrogation and Quality (AHRQ)* Agency for hepatotoxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)* Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)* Federal Occupational Health (FOH)* food for thought and Drug Administration (FDA)* Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)* Indian Health Service (IHS)* National Institutes of Health (NIH)* Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)According to CHHS (2007), The California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS) oversees twelve departments and one board that provide a range of health care services, social services, mental health services, alcohol and drug treatment services, income assistance and public health services to Californians from all walks of life. Major programs include no-cost and low-cost health care coverage for low-income Californians (Medi-Cal) income support for the aged, blind or disabled (SSI/SSP) income support for CalWORKs recipients, low-cost public health insurance (Healthy Families) for children from working families.Other large programs a dministered by CHHS departments include food stamps, child welfare services, in- shell supportive services, support for the developmentally disabled, foster care, mental health services, drug and alcohol treatment, and vocational rehabilitation. CHHS directly serves millions of Californians in health and human service programs, while poignant the lives of all Californians through statewide efforts such as public health protection and emergency readying and response.Public Health Nursing Practice is the synthesis of nursing supposition and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations. The focus of practice is the community as a whole and the effect of the communitys health status (resources) on the health of individuals,families, and groups. Care is provided within the context of preventing disease and disability, and promoting and protect the health of the community as a whole (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). It is mainly composed of the followi ng areas Behavioral acquirement/Health Education, Biostatistics, Emergency Medical Services, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Services Administration/Management, International/Global Health, matriarchal and Child Health, Nutrition, Public Health Laboratory Practice, Public Health Policy, Public Health Practice (What Is Public Health?, n.d.).Community Health Nursing Practice is the synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting, preserving, and maintaining the health of populations through the delivery of personal health care services to individuals, families, and groups. The focus of practice is to preserve the health of individuals, families, and groups and the effect of their health status on the health status of the community as a whole (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). Community nursing works with the individual in hospitals, nursing homes, home healthcare, and hospice. Nurses in this field work in government and private agencies, clinics, and other private settings. They focus on populations, working with individuals, groups, and families to improve the overall health of communities. They educate about health care issues, disease prevention, nutrition, and childcare, and also work with community leaders, teachers, parents, and physicians in community health education.In conclusion, public health is concerned with protect the health of entire populations. Its vision is Healthy People in Healthy Communities. Its mission is to Promote strong-arm and Mental Health and Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability. This is accomplished by preventing epidemics and the spread of disease protecting against environmental hazards preventing injuries promoting and encourage healthy behaviors responding to disasters and assists communities in recovery and, assures the quality and accessibility of health services.Through public education, health promotion and disease prevention, the public will have the opportunity to take control of thei r own personal health. Research and analysis help to guide recommendations and teaching. As new information is discovered, the teaching for health promotion changes. Public health is put into action bylegislation and political acts. Community healthcare may be for profit, nonprofit or government run healthcare delivery systems for individuals. Policy and recommendations are done through public health and delivered through community health. Public health nursing is vital to the health and well-being of the nation as a whole.ReferencesCHHS. (2007). Retrieved from http//www.chhs.ca.gov/Pages/default.aspxStanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2008). Population-centered health care in the community (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier. U.S. Department of Health &Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.hhs.gov/about/ What is Public Health?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.whatispublichealth.org/what/index.html Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory (1920 Jan 9). The Untilled Fields of Public Health. Science 51 (1306) 2333).