Analysis of the Enzyme Sucrase for Optimum Temperature, pH, and Concent

Analysis of the Enzyme Sucrase for Optimum Temperature, pH, and Concentration ABSTRACTEnzymes react differently low different conditions and concentrations, being the most productive at the enzymes specific optimum condition and concentration. The enzyme sucrase, extracted from yeast, breaks down the complex sugar sucrose into the simple sugar glucose. interrogation for sucrases optimum environment, multiple reactions were ran using varying amounts and concentrations of sucrose and sucrase at different pHs and temperatures. The product was then treated with benedicks solution to visually observe what amount of glucose was present after the reaction was ran negative results being little to no glucose present and positive results being glucose present. The varying levels of colors created by the Benedicts test were recorded as 1 (negative) blue 2 green 3 yellow 4 (positive) orange and 5 (positive) red. After running the reactions to specialize the optimum temperature and pH, 37 degr ees Celsius was determined to be the optimum temperature while pH 2.0 was determined to be the optimum pH. This means that under these conditions the enzyme will help fetch the most product from the substrate. After finding the optimum conditions the two different concentrations of sucrose were ran for ten minuets taking an initial sample and then subsequent samples every(prenominal) minuet, under those conditions, one concentration at 2.5% sucrose and again at 10% sucrose. The 10% sucrose had the most positive results because there were sufficient dynamical sites to bind with most of the sucrose present producing glucose more efficiently than the 2.5% sucrose. As with the 2.5% sucrose all of the sucrose was bond to the active sites of sucrase and there were ... ...ty Benedict test results. One of these possibilities or some combination can lead to inaccurate optimum temperature and or pH, which in turn would through off the optimum concentration. Over all I feel that the most i mportant part of the optimum environment is the pH because of the competitive inhibition caused by free protons in solution. WORKS CITEDHalverson, K. M. and B. A., Barry. 2003. Sucrose and glycerol effects on photosystem 2. Biophysical Journal 85 1317Lawrence, S., M. K. Heidemann and D. O. Straney. 2006. Biological Sciences 111L Laboratory Manual. Hayden-McNeil Publishing, Inc., PlymouthPeluffo, D. R.. 2004. Effect of ADP on NA+-NA+ Exchange response Kinetics of Na,K-ATPase. Biophysical Journal 87 883Shaevitz, J. W., S. M. Block, and M.J. Schnitzer. 2005. Statistical Kinetics of Macromolecular Dynamics. Biophysical Journal 89 2277

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway :: Essays Papers

Gathering at the River Cruising on East SpeedwayWhither goest thou, America, in thy shiny car in the night? -Jack Kerouac, On the Road Roll the windows down, turn the medicament up, and drive slowly. Now youre cruising. Cruising is the art of seeing and being seen, and in Tucson the center of this art is Speedway Boulevard. This six-lane street runs east to west through Tucson and is superstar of the busiest thoroughfares in the city. It hosts a mix of commercialised and private buildings small shops, offices, restaurants, grocery stores, apartment buildings and older homes, as well as the University of Arizona. Despite the apartments and occasional houses, Speedway is mostly a commercial street populated with strip malls and other businesses. Cruising is most visible along the more commercial, business-oriented East Speedway, which for the purposes of this essay is defined as the three mile debauch of road from Alvernon to Wilmot. Like most streets, Speedway was built fo r an entirely practical reason to conduct automobile traffic from one place to another with a minimum of waiting. This utilitarian reason is inverted by cruising. The purpose of cruising, unlike driving, is not to arrive but to not arrive. Cruising is a social activity wherein the cars become tools for concourse other people as well as a means of getting from one place to another. The reputation of cruising, and of the nighttime Speedway, is not nearly so benign. As traffic slows and the music increases, the character of Speedway as a place - that is, a focus for human memory and experience - changes to reflect the activities and desires of the cruisers. The character of Speedway as a place is temporal and spatial the street of Friday midnight is radically different from the street of Tuesday morning. Daytime drivers quickly change lanes in an attempt to find the one which will deliver them to their destinations the fastest. Speed and efficacy define the daytime Speedway. As the type of driver changes, so does the drivers reason for being there. The weekday commute is replaced by the weeknight cruise. The drivers in any case become, as a group, less diverse in terms of age and gender. The majority of cruisers appeared to be teenagers. Also, though I saw many young women, the majority of cruisers were male.

Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow vs. The 1980s Televisi

When we comp atomic number 18 working capital Irvings The Legend of sleepyheaded Hollow to the 1980 television movie The Legend of sleepyheaded Hollow starring Meg Foster, Dick Butkus, and Jeff Goldblum, we find that while there are several similarities between the two, there are also some identify differences. When we look at various addresss as well as the storyline, we see those similarities and differences.Washington Irvings depiction of Katrina Van Tassel is that she was a little of a teaser and liked to mix older and modern fashionsshe wore thestomacher of the older time and withal a provokingly short petticoat, to display the prettiest foot and ankle (Irving 325)because they accentuated her best features. conduce in her beautya blooming lass of fresh eighteen give way as a partridge ripe and melting and rosy cheekedand it seems that she is a good targetdidate for being a tease. Her immense grasp of her sex is illustrated by the fact that she plays Ichabod C rane against her other suitor, Brom Bones. The true nature of Katrinas character comes through when we see Ichabod leave the party quite desolate and chop-fallen (Irving 334-35) and we have to oppugn as Irving did was her encouragement of the poor pedagogue all a guiltless sham to secure her conquest of his rival? (Irving 335). It seems that all evidence points to the affirmative in Irvings story Ichabod is not seen again, and Katrina marries Brom.In comparison, the movies fluctuation of Katrina Van Tassel is somewhat altered. Meg Fosters Katrina seems to be a rich woman unlike the story, she is (eventually) quite taken with Ichabod but not implicated in Brom Bones in the slightest. One example of her spiritedness is shown in the graduation exercise few minutes of her introduction Jeff Go... ...rbidden love, whereas Irvings statement is a tale of possible unrequited love. The characters are vaguely similar in both the indite story and the movie, but the glaring difference i s that while Ichabod possibly flees from Sleepy Hollow because he was frightened beyond his limits, the movie allows him to denounce any bigotry in order to wed his beloved.There are many conclusions we can draw from the characters as well the storylines from the book and movie. It is up to each of us to root what kind of characters we want to see just as it is our own alternative in deciding how the story ends. Katrina Van Tassel, Brom Bones, and Ichabod Crane will always be central to the story of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, just as they are important to the nuances of the story, but it is up to us, the readers and viewers, to draw our own conclusions about the headless horseman. Washington Irvings The Legend of Sleepy Hollow vs. The 1980s Televisi When we compare Washington Irvings The Legend of Sleepy Hollow to the 1980 television movie The Legend of Sleepy Hollow starring Meg Foster, Dick Butkus, and Jeff Goldblum, we find that while there are severa l similarities between the two, there are also some key differences. When we look at various characters as well as the storyline, we see those similarities and differences.Washington Irvings depiction of Katrina Van Tassel is that she was a little of a coquette and liked to mix older and modern fashionsshe wore thestomacher of the older time and withal a provokingly short petticoat, to display the prettiest foot and ankle (Irving 325)because they accentuated her best features. Add in her beautya blooming lass of fresh eighteen plump as a partridge ripe and melting and rosy cheekedand it seems that she is a good candidate for being a tease. Her immense grasp of her sex is illustrated by the fact that she plays Ichabod Crane against her other suitor, Brom Bones. The true nature of Katrinas character comes through when we see Ichabod leave the party quite desolate and chop-fallen (Irving 334-35) and we have to wonder as Irving did was her encouragement of the poor pedagogue all a mere sham to secure her conquest of his rival? (Irving 335). It seems that all evidence points to the affirmative in Irvings story Ichabod is not seen again, and Katrina marries Brom.In comparison, the movies version of Katrina Van Tassel is somewhat altered. Meg Fosters Katrina seems to be a spirited woman unlike the story, she is (eventually) quite taken with Ichabod but not interested in Brom Bones in the slightest. One example of her spiritedness is shown in the first few minutes of her introduction Jeff Go... ...rbidden love, whereas Irvings tale is a tale of possible unrequited love. The characters are vaguely similar in both the written story and the movie, but the glaring difference is that while Ichabod possibly flees from Sleepy Hollow because he was frightened beyond his limits, the movie allows him to denounce any superstition in order to wed his beloved.There are many conclusions we can draw from the characters as well the storylines from the book and movie. It is up to eac h of us to decide what kind of characters we want to see just as it is our own choice in deciding how the story ends. Katrina Van Tassel, Brom Bones, and Ichabod Crane will always be central to the story of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, just as they are important to the nuances of the story, but it is up to us, the readers and viewers, to draw our own conclusions about the headless horseman.

H.R. 6 (110th): Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 Essays

IntroductionClimate change has garnered much attention over the past decade. Similarly, the cost of energy has become a exploitation debate. Ultimately, the Energy Independence and Security make for of 2007 was introduced in response to the growing concerns with climate change as well as the increasing amount of greenhouse gas emissions coupled with increased oil price. These factors brought these issues to the general publics attention and raised questions regarding the United States own energy efficiency and reliance on foreign energy. After the United States declined to ratify the Kyoto protocol, which would have helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we fell behind in standards for clean energy and energy emancipation through clean alternatives (Meade, 2008).The Energy Independence and Security Act was signed into law on December 19th, 2007 by President Bush (United States Environmental auspices Agency EPA, 2013). The law was meant to promote energy independence within t he United States, increase U.S. energy security, increase domestic production of clean renewable fuels, cheer consumers, increase energy efficiency and promote research for greenhouse gas capture and storage (EPA, 2010). This bill was a part of the Democratic Partys 100 moment Plan, which was a plan enacted by Speaker Nancy Pelosi after the Democratic Party took control of the Congress in the 2006 midterm elections (Pelosi, 2006).The Energy Independence and Security Act was originally called the Clean Energy Act of 2007 and was introduced to the House of Representatives by Nick Rahall from West Virginia (Sissine, 2007). Interestingly, Rahall was one of four democrats to oppose the final bill. When the bill was introduced to the Senate it was part ... ...S cross RL33831). Retrieved from website 4/21/2013 http//fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/104292.pdfStrassel, Kimberly Some Inconvenient Truths, The Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2007.The Washington Post. (2006) President B ushs State of the Union Address. Politics. Retrieved April 18, 2013 from http//www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/01/31/AR2006013101468.htmlUS Department of Energy. Federal Energy Management Program (2010). Accessed April 21, 2013. http//www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/sustainabilitycrosswalk.pdfUS Department of Energy. Alternative force outs Data Center (2010). Accessed April 21, 2013. http//www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/eisa.US Department of Transportation (2011, April) Summary of Fuel Economy Performance. Accessed May 8, 2013 From http//www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/cafe/2011_Summary_Report.pdf

Rainforest Cafe, Inc: Outline To Rainforest Cafe Research Report :: essays research papers fc

Rainforest Cafe, Inc Outline to Rainforest Cafe Research ReportCORPORATE BACKGROUNDHistoryFormationRainforest Cafe, Inc. was incorporated in Minnesota on February 3, 1994 to ownand operate restaurant and retail facilities under the name of "Rainforest Cafe- A Wild Place to Shop and Eat." professorship of the Board and Chief Executive OfficerElection. Lyle Berman was take Chairman and CEO of Rainforest Cafe at itsinception in February 1994.Background. Berman has been Chairman and CEO of raised(a) Casinos, Inc. and itspredecessor since October 1990. He is also CEO and a director of StratosphereCorporation, and a director of G-III Apparel Group Ltd., Innovative GamingCorporation of America and untested Horizon Kids Quest, Inc. He previously was thePresident and CEO of Berman Specialty Stores, Inc. ("Bermans") from 1978 untilNovember 1988 when Bermans was acquired by Wilson Suede and Leather, asubsidiary of Melville Corporation.President and Chief Operating OfficerEle ction. Martin J. ODowd was elected in May of 1995. He is the first to holdthis position. As of November 18, 1996 ODowd has taken a 30 day conduct ofabsence for personal reasons. Dennis Nielson, analyst for R. J. Steichen,predicts that if the leave is only 30 days there should not be a lasting impacton the company (Nielson, November 18, 1996).Background. ODowd is a director of Elephant and Castle Group, Inc. He waspreviously the Corporate Director, Food & Beverage Services for Holiday InnWorldwide from July 1987 to May 1995. From August 1985 to July 1987, ODowd wasVice President and General trading operations Manager for the Hard Rock Cafe in New York.Management Philosophy. Berman and ODowd stated that they are committed toidentifying and acquiring the resources that will allow them to continue their eminent rate of growth.Main ActivitiesRainforest Cafe has two areas of each facility, the restaurant and the retailarea.RestaurantThe company believes that its large menu selection is an important grammatical constituent in theappeal of its restaurants. The restaurant serves lunch and dinner entrees whichrange in price from $7.95 to $15.95. The theme of the company is mirrored onthe menu with all food and beverage selections including a jungle reference(Annual Report, 1995).The restaurant derived approximately 74 percent of the companies total revenueduring the 52 week period ending declination 31, 1995.Retail AreaIn order to enter the restaurant, all customers must pass through the retailarea. The inventory includes apparel and gifts with the Rainforest Cafe logo andother items with a rainforest theme such as toys and educational games.The retail area derived approximately 26 percent of the companies total revenue

Rainforest Cafe, Inc: Outline To Rainforest Cafe Research Report :: essays research papers fc

rainforest Cafe, Inc Outline to Rainforest Cafe Research proclaimCORPORATE BACKGROUNDHistoryFormationRainforest Cafe, Inc. was incorporated in Minnesota on February 3, 1994 to ownand operate restaurant and sell facilities under the signalize of "Rainforest Cafe- A Wild Place to Shop and Eat."Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive OfficerElection. Lyle Berman was elected Chairman and CEO of Rainforest Cafe at itsinception in February 1994.Background. Berman has been Chairman and CEO of Grand Casinos, Inc. and itspredecessor since October 1990. He is also CEO and a film director of StratosphereCorporation, and a director of G-III Apparel Group Ltd., youth hostelovative GamingCorporation of America and New Horizon Kids Quest, Inc. He previously was thePresident and CEO of Berman Specialty Stores, Inc. ("Bermans") from 1978 untilNovember 1988 when Bermans was acquired by Wilson suede and Leather, asubsidiary of Melville Corporation.President and Chief Operating OfficerElection. Martin J. ODowd was elected in May of 1995. He is the first to holdthis position. As of November 18, 1996 ODowd has taken a 30 day leave ofabsence for personal reasons. Dennis Nielson, analyst for R. J. Steichen,predicts that if the leave is only 30 days there should not be a fixed impacton the company (Nielson, November 18, 1996).Background. ODowd is a director of Elephant and Castle Group, Inc. He waspreviously the Corporate Director, Food & Beverage Services for Holiday InnWorldwide from July 1987 to May 1995. From August 1985 to July 1987, ODowd wasVice President and General Operations Manager for the Hard Rock Cafe in New York.Management Philosophy. Berman and ODowd state that they are committed toidentifying and acquiring the resources that will allow them to continue theirhigh rate of growth.Main ActivitiesRainforest Cafe has two areas of each facility, the restaurant and the retailarea.RestaurantThe company believes that its large menu selection is an i mportant factor in theappeal of its restaurants. The restaurant serves lunch and dinner entrees whichrange in impairment from $7.95 to $15.95. The theme of the company is mirrored onthe menu with all food and beverage selections including a jungle reference(Annual Report, 1995).The restaurant derived approximately 74 per centum of the companies total revenueduring the 52 week period ending December 31, 1995.Retail AreaIn order to enter the restaurant, all customers must settle through the retailarea. The inventory includes apparel and gifts with the Rainforest Cafe logo andother items with a rainforest theme such as toys and educational games.The retail area derived approximately 26 percent of the companies total revenue

Barack Obama, “Dreams from My Father”.

Being still young, Barack Obama started searching for society and reason, with the large function forms of the public rights movement. In his search he does well and deserves respect. He had a lot of abilities to set the connections with the society and this is told in his autobiography Dreams from My Father. The fame days of the public rights actions passed away when Obama receives a coordinating post in a needy district on Chicagos South Side inundated by broken public lodgings, dying constructing occupations, and increasing misdeed. Obama decodes the bounds of their scratch line situation.The communitys creator is a person who is not entirely respected by the society. Its primary partners are the Catholic Churches, which have unhealthy relations with their new non-white worshippers. In Chicago the population has just chosen Harold Washington, the first Black foremost who is respected as a worship person, but whose benefaction is providing dependant advantages to the groups tha t voted for him. At the same time as Obama persistently fixes the vagueness and refinement of Black people, there are a couple of things where he doesnt accept enough.When Obama began the coordinating job, 1 of the primary difficulties was the antipathy of the three women, who were irritated that the supervisor brought the young guy Obama has his own understanding, control and esteem, charm and empathy to believe in his achievement, but he doesnt tout ensemble accept the advantages of the middle class viewpoint and male advantage that understood him as in charge and going places. When Obama decodes the supporting background, he creates individual links. He communicates with the three Black women who have some positions in the community, and gets acquainted with an odd, Catholic coordinator.He founds Kyle, the child of an assistant who is in risk to appear in difficult situation. iodine of the most touching places in the book is the place telling how Obama informs the community h e is leaving to Harvard Law school, and gives his word to his acquaintances in the district that hell come. The combination of optimism, semipolitical insightfulness and individual links are the foundations of Obamas political success. Works Cited Graff, E. J. Dreams from My Father A Story of Race and Inheritance. The American Prospect 10 Sept. 2001 42.

Physical Education in School Essay

In the last ten course of studys, our culture has changes dramatically. Our nation was once a somaticly active nation, yet forthwith it seems that society discourages physical exercise. Everyone knows that physical fitness is key to his or her health. Physical commandment helps bookmans improve their knowledge about health issues and practices that bequeath lead to a more than enjoyable life. any(prenominal) schools do not require students to participate in physical reading classes, but it is important for immature kids to stay physically active.The rise of obesity in young children has become a growing concern in America. Physical education should be required every category for all public school students. Some students are physically unable to participate in physical education. I agree that if a student has a note from their doctor that it is fine for them not to participate. All the others should be required to participate though. Their involvement in physical education teaches them about lifelong fitness. eon I attended grade school, physical education helped play a valuable role in my life.I became involved in several antithetical sports because of participation in physical education classes. During school we vie football games during physical education. In addition, we learned some of the basics of baseball and softball. I played football and baseball for years because of my involvement in physical education classes. After graduation, I still kept the same habits from grade school, by continue to stay physically active. I participate in softball tournaments occasionally to keep myself in shape. In addition, I try to lift weights four or five days a week.Read morePhysical Education EssayStudents who do not participate in physical education more than likely will not be physically active as adults. By not teaching children about physical education, it almost certainly adds to the problem. Some students do not want to participate in physical ed ucation because they are worried about sustaining injuries. Their argument is children participating in physical activity are at a higher risk of injury than those who are in academic classes. By not being physically active, a student is at greater risk for sustaining an injury.It is important to stretch and cranky up before starting any work out. Students learn this from their participation in physical education class. Stretching helps in developing overall flexibility, particularly in the spine, shoulder, and hip areas. The kind of stretching depends on the type of activity a psyche plans to engage in. For instance, if one is about to play sports, the recommended kind of stretching would be the ones that mimics the movements of the activity the student engages in. Warming up also helps to avoid injury.To warm up start at a gentle pace, and then slowly increase the pace until the heart rate increases and the body temperature rises. Warming up also helps to slack up muscles and j ump-starts the fluids in the joints. If a student is not required to participate in gym class, they may not be aware of warming up to prevent them from sustaining injuries if they decide to start a workout regimen or any kind of physical activity. Obesity is becoming a concern among young kids now. The Southeast now has a new name. Instead of the Sun Belt, some call the Southeast the diabetes belt.Almost every time I turn on the news in that location is a story about the rising epidemic of obesity. With teenage obesity as prevalent as it is, it is imperative that physical education classes be mandatory at all grade levels nationwide. The amount of obese youth has steadily risen in the last twenty years. It is an obvious situation that physical education classes, when made mandatory, would help improve the physical health of the youth across America. It is important for the student to learn how to keep ones self in proper physical condition.In addition, by making physical education mandatory for all schools nationwide it will help make the students realize how important it is to stay physically active. Obesity also leads to hypertension, sleep apnea, diabetes, asthma, and many other serious problems. Physical education classes can help to reduce the chances for those problems, but there are other steps to take. Exercise is important, but diet is also a major factor in health. Eating healthy foods and exercising will make students be much healthier. In conclusion, all schools should make it mandatory for students to have physical education classes every year.Our society is becoming unhealthier every year because of students lack of exercise. They need to be educated in physical fitness. They can achieve this by participating in physical education classes, learning how to warm up, stretch, and exercise. Obesity is growing in our population every year. Everyone should participate in physical education classes to learn about, and prevent obesity. If we continue w ith the lack of physical education in schools, we will continue to contribute to the poor health of students.

Career Objective

The Purpose of Studying at AIT and Career Objective For Obtaining AITs Master Degree I am a power point holder of Bachelor of Engineering (Information Technology) and I have a keen interest in information engine room,especially in programming. During this years, I am not scarcely working at Agricultural Mechnization Department as a Senior Assistant Engineer but also learning computer programming language. It has equip me with stable technical skills in programming and vex with SDLC methodologies.Throughout the experience of working on different IT projects,it has established my interest in project management and I made me realized that my own career goal is to be a professional Computer Programmer or a Chief Information Officer. In our country ,many professional programmer and IT manager formed various committees and association such as Myanmar Computer Professional Association(MCPA) . The government has initiated various programs such as their Own Ministry Websites and the E-co mmerce system to provide strategic direction towards Myanmars IT development..However,these initiatives are facing issues such as lack of technology transfer due to concisely of IT specialists. However,I think that my existing knowledge and experience is insufficient for me to be able to achieve my goal. Hence , this is my motivation behind of my admission to your course. To be a prospering Computer programmer and IT manager, rich IT knowledge and experience is critical. However,knowledge in various areas of project is also crucial.I expert that the Master in Computer Science at Asian Institute of Technology will allow me to enhance and strength my acamedic knowledge about management theories and programming methodologies. Also, through the peer to peer experience share-out to be able to familiarize myself with the challenges and difficulties that may arise during computer system management at various industries and learn how to overcome these challenges and difficulties by sharin g ideas with one another.I also strongly believe that my Master degree from AIT will give me the qualities and capability to help overcome the technology transfer obstacle in Myanmar. My graduate degree in AIT will help me become an IT specialist in the government office and in long term venture into technology management consultation to help Myanmar master the technology to compete with the developed countries that have moved on to a more advanced technology. I tender to form innovative strategies to initiate various database system ventures in the public sector.We must have built in every corner of the needs not only in economic, politic movement but also the grassroots communication and technology as well. We truly need the basic knowledge of 21 centurys general modern industrials beneficial and advantages. We must take the advantages of innovative technology in order to use up both(prenominal) change for the better place of Myanmar. . The more we have variety educated, skill ful and professional social workers, and the better way to develop our country with respect to the basic needs.In my conclusion,today era is information and communication era. Todays youth will be able to catch up with the technological age only if they unendingly study IT technologies in accord with the modern age. These are what I am willing to do and what I am always dreaming about how to make change for my country to be a democratic one. I truly believe that AIT is the best choice to due to the excellent academic reputation and melody within the university. It will be great honor for me to have an opportunity to study a leading global university like AIT.

Case Study and Mu Sigma

Instructions for solving the case study Thank you for your interest in Mu Sigma. Congratulations on being selected for the next round of your consultation process. During this round, you will be required to solve a case study. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? transport read the case study thoroughly. This is an illustrative business case an example of a business problem you will be expected to help our clients solve while at Mu Sigma. You have 2 days (48 hours) to solve the case study. Please send your final presentation to victor. emailprotected com Please do not contact anyone in Mu Sigma (including the email ID above) about this case study. Candidates who are found guilty of doing so will be disqualified from the process. You are free to use any publicly available sources of information (Google, Financial Reports, Case Studies etc. ) Feel free to make any assumptions that are required. But please call out the assumptions clearly. Present your solution in the form of a short power headway deck (at most 9-10 slides).The deck will be assessed on various metrics including thoroughness of research, methodology, attention to detail, quality of presentation and innovativeness. Shortlisted candidates will be called for an in mortal interview. You are free to make any further changes to the presentation until the day of the final presentation. Good luck Project Brief The company is telecommunications provider in Europe and Latin America. Operating globally, it is the third largest provider in the world. One of its subsidiaries has a subscriber base 1. M out of which 70% of the base is Prepaid. The yearly churn rate for the Prepay base is around 30%. It has been losing its high value customers as part of churners leading to reduction in overall revenue. YoY thither has been a 10% drop in the ARPU. Presently there are five existing segment schemes to bucket subscribers along dimensions such as tenure, engagement etc. It wants to identify 1) Factors affecting churn 2) Effect of churn on revenue 3) Impact of segment profile on churn mitigation

Philosophy of Education Essay

The philosophy of education can be defined as a belief/thought/theory on the ways which can be used in the process of education and also the importance of education. This defines how children are to be educated as intimately as the purpose that education plays in the society. There is a necessity of philosophy which can be termed as the same as the need for a plan in life or even as a way in which to find a destination in life.The study source of the philosophy in education is the diverseness or combination of material which has been read or studied on the thoughts of other people which can be termed as i bay windowism or freethinking and also the mortalal experiences which can be grossly defined as direct and also indirect realism of empiricism(Carr, 2003). In a period of sentence there pick out been a lot of changes in technology as compared to the philosophy of education. Online courses shed been made a reality through the advent of the mesh and the computers.Creation of a learning community which is effective has a major requirement that the supposed learners do share the knowledge that they have and also their suggestions and thoughts so that the process of interaction with the fellow learners and their respective instructors is of importance. At the same time these processes should contribute to the readings and also to the assignments. I believe that education is truly a major factor in promoting the evolution of not just an individual but the society as a whole. This root word presents the role education plays as well as my personal views on this concept.With the philosophy of modern-Thomism and Locke, Rousseau being my greatest inspirations as a teacher, the paper further explains these two concepts. It clearly brings out my role as a teacher, my vision for how schools should be in terms of curriculums, instructions as well as assessments. The role of a school-age child has also been defined. Towards the end of the paper, the paper presents intervention measures that would be most effective in dealing with drug, tobacco and intoxicant use and abuse and with teen pregnancies as two run a risk factors among the new-made students. The paper is written out of my own experience as a seventh grade science teacher.It contains my personal views and possible actions. Classic rearingal Philosophies and Philosophers Educators haulage their motivation from different philosophies or philosophers of education. My closest match for me has always been the philosophy of Neo Thomism by Jacques Maritain and Etienne Gilson as well as that of one great philosopher called Locke, Rousseau. Neo Thomism goes against modern philosophy and philosophical systems. The philosophy calls for the use of principles used to build philosophy. According to Gilson, this principles are very important are important necessities during philosophical inquiries and orientations.Rousseau called for an educational system that exposed a child into particular e nvironment and allowing the students to learn form the situations within that environment. Students should learn from their surroundings and from the happenings in the society, this way they leave behind have the capacity and skills to solve any situation and day to day occurrences. This is in line with my goal and objective of bringing up students into mature adults who can fearlessly and strongly face the every day hassles of the world and develop action fitted solutions in life be it at work, in their personal, social or stimulated lives. image as a Teacher My personal role and goal as a teacher is to ensure that children enjoy learning and completely deal with the every day perception that school is boring. It is with this in mind that I always incorporate fun in learning, engaging in out door activities that will further promote understanding of what is learnt in class. Education should aim at creating a will to learn more. Vision for Schools It is important that schools al ways work towards bringing out individuals successful students not just academically and out of high grades but also socially, emotionally and psychologically.Education should teach students on how to successfully deal with the day to day situations of life, it should teach us how to find solutions to various challenges (Gutek,1997). School curriculums should aim at bringing out the best of what is education is meant to bring. It should be a curriculum where students can learn to make use of the day to day happenings and innovations. I personally find the West Australians tardily implemented outcome- ground curriculum whereby a the curriculum is planned on the stand of what outcomes the teacher wants to achieve rather than on particular contents that have to be taught(Bloodworth, 2002).This curriculum also has its negative side mainly due to its difficulty in promoting uniformity in education quality. Incorporating the two approaches , the outcome based and the content based, as well as the use of the internet is a one way through which quality possible curriculums can be real (Clabaugh & Rozycki, 1990). One suitable way of assessing what the students have learned is holding a question answer session after each lesson. Success rate will in this case be rated by the students ability to answer questions.The participation of each student should be a major consideration. Role of the Students Generally, seventh grade students have been found to divert their interests from learning to other issues such as fan and socialization. It is important to have these students have the inner get down to learn and achieve success. The best of achieving this is creating a situation whereby students can positively learn from their peers through class discussions, interaction and active engagements in class projects as well as presentations. Risk FactorsYoung children are faced with a number of risk factors likely to expose them to numerous problems in their lives and to aff ect their education. As an experienced teacher who has taught seventh grade students for over five years now, I have learnt to deal with these risks and have specifically dealt with teenage pregnancies and with the abuse of alcohol and drugs. In a situation where I have a student with these two risk factors in my class there are various interventions that I would undertake to deal with these problems.My first action would be to create a foundation at which the student can trust and confide in me. My earreach skills should be of importance at this point. I will also ensure that the child does not feel discriminated and out of place neither is she the only person who has been in similar a situation. The views, desires and ideas of the student will enable me to identify the necessary steps to take with the need to make her realize the need to positively change. Introducing this student to other young persons who are going through the same problem as she is would be an effective way of positively encouraging her.The class will give her the chance to open up, give her a sense of belonging, hope and will to change. Learning from the experiences of others, twain peers and older people, could be a workable intervention. Students and young people need to know on the various other ways through which they can have fun without necessarily having to engage in sexual activities or drug use (Zygon, 1985). The involvement of parents is also very essential. The parents need to know the positive role they should play in ensuring that the child is able to deal with the situation.One way through which these interventions can be implemented is through professional counseling and guidance for both the student and the parents or guardians. A counselor will effectively be able to communicate with them, get to the root causes of the problem and in turn develop workable solutions. Rehabilitation of the student as a way of dealing with alcohol and drug abuse is another sure way of en hancing positive change and ability to deal with the problem. In each of these cases, the student should be let to interact with other peers going through the same situations.Learning from the existing happenings in the society and from the experiences of others will be an effective form of intervention. Conclusion The philosophy of education acts as a personal guide for every teacher. It helps in defining ones goal as a teacher, outcomes or results desired and ways of achieving these outcomes. A philosophy basically acts as a basis to promoting the development of a child in school. It defines the role of both the teacher and student. Educational philosophies are therefore effective means of promoting quality education with purpose of education being clearly defined.A teacher with a philosophy will not only be able to provide quality education for his students but to also effectively deal with the various risk factors that students may be going through. , a teacher should be able to build the child physically, mentally, socially and emotionally. It should train them on how to deal with the day to day situation and to find solutions to the various problems they may come across not just as students but also as adults. Education gives a basis for the future. This can only be achieved if the students are allowed to learn through the everyday happenings and situations in the society.References Bloodworth R. (2002) Methods of and Curricula for Institutionally Implementing and Sustaining Education. Educational Philosophy and Change, 2(1) 234 Carr, D. (2003) Making Sense of Education An Introduction to the Philosophy and Theory of Education and Teaching. London RoutledgeFalmer. Clabaugh, G. & Rozycki, E. (1990). Understanding schools The foundations of education. current York Harper & Row. Gutek, G. (1997) Philosophical and Ideological Perspectives on Education. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon. Zygon, K. (1985) Zygon Imaging the Future New Visions and New Responsib ilities. JOP, 20, (3)65.

The Advantages of Having Good Communication Skill

Communication is undoubtedly one of the most important skills to hone. Being able to slip by effectively and clearly in your own environment and comfort zone may seem challenging enough, only if it increases exponentially in a variant culture. Globalization is unavoidable in this day and age, and therefore being able to communicate in the face of cultural renewing is more important than ever. in that location are two parts of communication that hold true no matter what culture you are in. Verbal and nonverbal communication exists regard slight of the skirt environment.Last summer I studied abroad in Valence, Spain. Obviously the verbal communication was completely different due to the language barrier, but the most troublesome part was deriveing and using the appropriate colloquialisms and metaphoric phrases. Informer the bomb and Chill step forward when directly translated do not take on the said(prenominal) meaning as they do here. It was interesting learning the differe nt phrases and the locals found it funny when we told them they were explosives or to cool off in a refrigerator as they understood it. The most challenging difference of communication in Spain was the nonverbal specs.To best explain, Americans typically speak at an arms length distance. The Spaniards, however, construct a completely different concept of personal space. If you were to hold out your arm and touch the persons shoulder in front of you that you are speaking to, you would be at an appropriate distance away from he or she in our culture. Now if you both fold your arms at the elbow and take a pure tone closer to where your elbows are touching, you are at an appropriate distance in the Spanish culture. I found that very difficult to get used to. It was as if our noses were touching.Personal space was Just one of many of the nonverbal aspects of communication that was different in this culture but it is by the far the one I regain most. Although there are many topics that can be covered under the umbrella of communication I chose communication in the face of cultural diversity because I have recently had a personal experience with it and hope to have many more in my lifetime. It is critical that I learn and understand how to communicate in different cultures for my future career and I am excited about future opportunities to do so. Conflict Management andNegotiation Recently I have learned the importance of conflict management in a leadership role. I am planning formal for my sorority this year, and have been in the surgical operation with my co-chair for over a year. In December 2010 we had a venue and date booked for this Saturday, February 18, 2012. El take down days onwards the event, close to one hundred girls gestural up after the specified deadline almost doubling the guest count to four hundred people. This has caused my co-chair and me to go into a craze with changing transportation, catering, and venue cost for the additional people.The aroma was originally free as we had been planning and budgeting extremely well for over a year, yet changing the numbers exponentially less than two weeks before the event incurred breach of contract fees, additional staffing fees, additional security fees, additional transportation fees, and additional catering fees per person. Unfortunately after smart our sorority a free formal for the first time in history of formals, we are now having to charge eleven dollars a person or twenty-two dollars a couple due this Thursday by 5PM.Obviously any manager or individual in a dervish role can conjecture the conflicts this additional charge has caused between my co-chair and me and the members of our sorority. We have received very inconsiderate emails and are dealing with explaining to two hundred why a week before the event there is a charge to attend. Through the assigned reading I have realized I am going through an give way conflict, or a conflict between groups or teams in an organi zation. Unfortunately the groups are incredibly unevenly divided, as it is two against two hundred.My co-chair and I have been frantically trying to explain the situation and accommodate everyone o ensure a positive atmosphere surrounding the event without severing the relationships and bonds we have with out sisters. Although some understand the situation and are alleviate appreciative of the hard work that we have put in for over a year, others are still upset and we receive emails everyday with questions and concerns that are not perpetually written as appropriately as we would like.The biggest issue that my co-chair and I have been coping is the musical theme of losing trust amongst our sisters. Although some understand the situation, the few that do not have made it clear they do not appreciate the last minute details, even though ecological it was not our fault for the situation. We have not placed blame on anyone but unfortunately others have placed blame on us causing a m ix between functional and dysfunctional conflicts within the interrupt conflict.We are sure the event volition still be pleasant and everyone will enjoy it, but if I have learned anything from this it is that no matter how much time, effort, and organization a person puts into the planning of an event, something will always go wrong and someone will always be dissatisfied. However, it is important to manage the conflict with those that I can and o ensure that I take care of myself and enjoy the event Saturday that I have worked so hard planning for. Customer service is truly an industry that is not the ideate it is glorified to be and I am thankful to have learned that now.Power Influence Influence is the process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, or feelings of another person. Personally, influence is the determine factor of all decisions I give rise. The ethical question behind influence, however, is where does it come from and which influence tactic is most appropriate and e ffective in a accustomed situation. Ideally I hope that all decisions I make come from within. However it is difficult to determine how and what has shaped my basis of beliefs. Do I make my own decisions, or does my faith, family, boss, or group of friends influence my decisions?In addition to where influence comes from, another driving force behind decommissioning is influential simulated military operation. According to the reading, there are four influential tactics used most frequently. These four tactics are consultation, rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and integration. Tactics are used for public opinion management, which refers to individuals use of influence tactics to control others impressions of them. Determining which influential tactic to implement depends on the target audience and target goal.For example, I am actively twisting in Relay For Life on campus as I hold the Marketing Executive Co-chair position benefiting the American Cancer Society. We are always looking for new ways to influence the student body and ourselves to get involved and remain enthusiastic. At each of our meetings and events, we implement the inspirational appeal tactic. We frank each meeting with a students story of why he or she relays. Often these stories as very heart-wrenching and appeal to everyone s we all have gotten involved due to some effect of a loved one suffering from cancer.Influence is a powerful tool in everyday life and especially in high involvement decisions. It is important to utilize ethics when influencing a person though. Determining which appeal is most appropriate may be difficult but is essential to avoid coercing anothers decision that he or she may not be satisfied with at a later date. Overall, influential basis and tactics can and should be used appropriately to help another individuals decision process and not abuse power over someone else.

Feral Children

It wasnt my first time reading something about children raised in the wild but the videos of Genie the Wild Child and Oxana Malaya really triggered my emotional awareness. While watching the short documentaries in class, it made me realize the importance of our parents and the counselling they nurture us to be a well-rounded individual. Most people say that we grow up to be like our parents or the ones who have been on that point to guide us. They play a very significant role in our life because the values they taught will be the ones well remember as we grow older.In forming our social well-being, our parents, siblings, and peers take up a great factor to be who we are now. In the case of Genie, she was isolated from the world, never had the chance to mingle with her peers until her insubstantial years. Because of this, her mind still remained that of a 3 year old child who didnt even know how to talk and walk right(a)ly. It gave me that goosebumps that people can sometimes be s o cruel to the point where they will take away the life of an innocent child by prohibiting her to nourish herself.Culture very much is related in these situations. We are honed by our heritage and this serves as our primary identity. This is one reason why Oxana Malaya thought that she was a wolf. No one was on that point to teach her the ethics and morality of human beings. Her only companions were the animals whom she portrayed as well. Because of this, I believe that no one is born automatically genius. We need the proper care of adults to be human beings entirely not just physically, but socially and emotionally.

Freedom to live Essay

During the ancient times to begin with imprison housement, in that location were executions and executions yet which were rather completed by stoning. There were consisted of several reasons as to why the capital penalisation was needed. The United States inherited its use of capital punishment from the European settlers in the seventeenth century tho in the eighteenth century, German philosopher Immanuel Kant appealed that execution was the fairest punishment for come to. He presented that it is the most suitable punishment for those who see useted murder and that a person who has done wrong should suffer for it. Arguing that killers should transcend in order to gain release from their suffering, including that the crime must fit the punishment. Arguments against the expiry punishment expose capital punishment for what nearly believe is a reasonable punishment, while others view it as revenge disguised as justice but overall, is continuously an issue that would not be ev enly discussed and abolished world-wide.Disagreements about the cobblers last penalty mostly turn on issues of fairness, morality and effectiveness. There consists of endless reasons as to why the remainder penalty is to be abolished. One of many is that executions cost more than life in prison. fit to Statistic Brain, it costs nearly 2 million per person to be executed, all which consists of maximum security, way for defense and others. Another popular point is that the innocent may be wrongly executed. This is a exalted risk because evidence, DNA, and witness statements argon not one hundred percent reliable. A slightly germane(predicate) case was a falsely executed man named Cameron Todd Willingham. He was executed in Texas, known to be the number one state with the highest rate of executions. He was accused of allegedly setting his house on fire that killed his three young daughters. He repeatedly claimed his innocence and the arson investigator was questioned right befor e Willinghams execution. After his execution, an investigative report discovered the fire was an accident.Several reasons include that the stopping point penalty punishment does notnecessarily decrease the crime rate, that life in prison withal guarantees no future crimes, some religions forbid death penalty, killing is wrong even through a punishment, that it violates foreign human rights laws and that it promotes killing as a satisfactory solution to a difficult problem. A common factor as to why hatful oppose the death penalty is because of the cruelty of the act itself, much(prenominal) as the common contemporary methods of execution, such as by shooting, hanging, using gas, electrocution and lethal injection.According Amnesty International who are strong non-advocates of the death penalty, capital punishment is the decisive rejection of human rights. It is the moot and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state. Half the amounts of US States have banned the death penalty for framework sweet York, finding it unconstitutional. In Just Revenge by Mark Costanzo, he states that most Americans are supportive of the death penalty in the abstract by simply wanting the government to take care of it, cleanly and efficiently, in a distant prison. He questions that is it morally acceptable to subject murderers to psychological torture before we kill them?. While others visit it is a harsh, inhuman and undignified punishment done in the name of justice, including that inflicting punishment on wrongdoers discourages others from wrong doing. Some may say that the death penalty is a way to lash endorse at those who have harmed us, but cooperatively we must be more reasonable and humane than those who commit the act themselves.Those who favor the death penalty argue that if there were no death penalty to experience over the head of prisoners, those who have been sentenced to life without parole would be free to commit whatever crimes they chose without fright of increased punishment. Death penalty supporters often press two claims of executing murderers. The first is that it is injustice to the victims of murder if we do not execute their murders. The second claim is that the death penalty is needed to frighten probable murderers. Fear of the execution chamber will restrain potential murders, knowing they could face the executioner and that those who otherwise kill will stop and innocent lives would be saved.Another factor as to why the death penalty is justified is it giving closure to victims families who have suffered tremendously from the loss of their loved one. And also a prisoner can escape prison and give them another chance to kill. The death penalty is tell to be needed to protect society from those who would kill again. Many of these factors which relate back to revenge. In some cases, the capital punishment is a risk taker. There are certain cases in which killing a criminal can lead to questioning as to whether o r not the individual was guilty of the crime.The death penalty fails to effectively build up a society that is free from crime. Furthermore, it does not relieve the torment and loss of the victims or their families. States have made many proposals as to why capital punishment is wrong. As citizens, the death penalty does not alleviate the fear of violent crime or better safe-guard the people and is not imposed with fairness. Pope John Paul II made a very get point in a statement he made about the death penalty. He say the death penalty does not allow the opportunity for the spiritual and human reconciliation with the victim and also that we cannot teach that killing is wrong by killing. This quote is a very good example to supporting the idea of abolishing the death penalty that we cannot teach that murdering an individual is wrong by killing a criminal.Depending on the country, there are different views as to whether the death penalty should be abolished or not. The factors on b oth sides of the argument have led to the abolition of the death penalty in Eastern Europe. For example, Ukraine has sic a pause to its punishment of the death penalty, as well as South Africa, whose parliament voted to officially abolish the death penalty, which had earlier been declared unconstitutional by the constitutional court. Their constitutional court believes that death is the most extreme form of punishment. They believe every individual has the right to life, dignity, public opinion. Not only is this an issue in the United States, but very well around the world. In India, the Indian punishable Code authorizes the imposition of the death sentence as a penalty of murder.Although it is nearly impossible for the abolition of the death penalty to be equalized and understood by both sides of the arguments, the ideas and opinions shall never fade. With several states not having the death penalty, the real question is whether or not we need the death penalty. big(p) punishmen t is not the effect of our criminal system its only one aspect of it. Only a small percentage of murderers are sentenced to death, and only a small percentage of that are executed. The real question is whether we insist on safekeeping the death penalty even though we dont need it.WORK CITEDEnd capital Punishment. Abolish the Death Penalty. Amnesty International USA, 2013. Web. 23 Apr. 2013.Costanzo, Mark. Just Revenge Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty. New York St. Martins, 1997. Print.Bureau of Justice Statistics. Death Penalty Statistics. Statistic Brain RSS. Statistic Brain Research Institute, 6 Aug. 2012. Web. 23 Apr. 2013.Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print.

Neolithic Revolution Essay

The neolithic conversion was a funda handstal change in the way hoi polloi lived. The shift from hunting & conclave to land led to ineradicable settlements, the establishment of tender classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations. It was a revolution of achieving social and technological advances, charm economic, political, and social changes resulted from the rise of cities, allowing the ability to support an increasingly large race. Therefore, the neolithic Revolution led to the seven traits of civilization.Prior to the neolithic Revolutions transformations, people were forced to hunt for their suffer food. This resulted in benignants following their food sources trail, whether it be hunting an animal, or essential natural resources. Because of the detail that people were constantly shifting from area to area based on their food, this labeled them as nomads people who did not have a permanent home or residence. Due to the lack of food, there was a small population. Th en, gradually, the Neolithic Revolution began to take status at different times and different places, a time period where humans shifted from gathering and hunting food to producing it. People began domesticating animals to provide food, as thoroughly as plants and crops, which varied depending on climate. As a result of domestication, agriculture began to take form. Agriculture is the domain of animals and plants, which made life easier and enabled people to remain in the same place. These were some of the building blocks for civilization that took place during the Neolithic Revolution.Agriculture led to villages because farming encouraged the formation of larger and more stable communities than had existed forwards Neolithic times. Most hunting humans moved in small groups containing no more than 60 individuals who could not settle in a single spot lest the game run out. With settled agriculture the constraints changed. Communities developed around the cleared and meliorate f ields. Now that food was plentiful and able to be harvested, population strongly increased. With more people and a lackof diverse jobs, specialization of labor was developed when men and women became artisans, growing increasingly productive and creative. This occurred since farmers grew all the food, and not everyone had to be a farmer. Gradually, humans became innovative and improved quality and numbers of their products. People were slowly yet steadily continuing to progress towards the seven traits of civilization. peculiarity of labor began to then lead to the seven traits of civilization. As villages evolved into cities and became more complex, many new jobs developed. For instance, officials gathered taxes, engineers mean irrigation systems, and soldiers defended city walls, resulting in government and military. As life in cities grew increasingly complex, people began to keep permanent records and developed writing. Other humans became skilled artisans who devoted their tim e to crafts such as baskets, metal regulate, or pottery, while others built large public works such as temples or buildings. This was the development of art and architecture. morality then resulted from things people could not explain, with early civilizations which had formal religious institutions that included ceremonies, rituals, and other forms of worship. As urban societies developed institutions and specialized labor, a social order developed based on peoples occupations, wealth, and influence. Due to their experience with agriculture, humans of the Neolithic Revolution then improved their farming systems and advanced their in-person resources to be more productive. As shown, all of the seven traits were a result of the Neolithic Revolution, and led to civilization.The Neolithic Revolution caused the seven traits to take effect. If it werent for those traits, we may still be undeveloped nomads today. Having taken a huge step towards modern society, the early humans who lived during the Neolithic Revolution were hard at work in learning how to start a civilization. They have given up their nomadic days and sight the advantages to settling down in one area. No longer were lives at risk every day. The Neolithic Revolution was the first step in building a modern society where humans git live in peace and not worry about betting on their lives for days expenditure of food and finally able to rest their minds without worry. The Neolithic Revolution was a crucial part of human history andwithout it, we would not have civilization.

Epidemiology: Global and Public Health Essay

The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of mankind wellness, including pertinent dates and signifi open firet events and the different aspects of semipublic and fellowship-based health. macrocosm health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (Winslow, 1920). It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as overlarge as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). The dimensions of health can encompass a state of complete physical, mental and social social welfare and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, as defined by the United Nations World wellness Organization. national health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biosta tistics and health service. Environmental health, community of interests health, behavioral health and occupational health atomic number 18 other fundamental subfields.The localise of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through the stripe and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and the forwarding of bouncing behaviors. Promotion of hand washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, and the distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases are examples of common public health measures. The origins of the Public wellness Service can be traced to the passage of an exploit in 1798 that provided for the dispense and relief of sick and injured merchant seamen. Reorganization in 1870 converted the let go of network of locally controlled infirmarys into a centrally controlled Marine Hospital Service, with its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The posit ion of supervising Surgeon (later Surgeon General) was created to administer the Service, and John Maynard Woodworth was appointed as the depression incumbent in1871.The licenced officer corps (now known as the Commissi 1d Corps of the U.S. Public health Service or the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps) was established by legislation in 1889. At first open only to physicians, over the course of the twentieth century, the Corps expanded to include veterinarians, dentists, Physician Assistants, salubrious engineers, pharmacists, nurses, sanitarians, scientists, and other health professionals. Quarantine was originally a state function rather than federal, but the subject Quarantine Act of 1878 vested quarantine authority to the Marine Hospital Service and the content Board of Health. The National Board was not reauthorized by Congress in 1883 and its powers reverted to the Marine Hospital Service. Over the next one-half a century, the Marine Hospital Service increasingly took over quarantine functions from state authorities. As in-migration increased dramatically in the late nineteenth century, the Federal Government withal took over the affect of immigrants from the states, beginning in 1891.Because of the broadening responsibilities of the Service, its name was changed in 1902 to the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, and again in 1912 to just the Public Health Service. As the century progressed, PHS commissioned officers served their country by autocratic the spread of contagious diseases such as smallpox and yellow fever, conducting important biomedical research, regulating the forage and drug supply, providing health care to underserved groups, supplying medical assistance in the aftermath of disasters, and in legion(predicate) other ways. Today the mission of the Commissioned Corps of the PHS is Protecting, promoting, and advancing the health and safety of the Nation. The Public Health Service Act of 1944 structured the United S tates Public Health Service (PHS) as the primary part of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which later became the United States Department of Health and tender-hearted Services.As one of the United States seven uniformed serve, the PHS Commissioned Corps fills public health leadership and service roles inwardly federal government agencies and programs. The PHS Commissioned Corps includes officers drawn from many professions, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, psychology, social work, hospital administration, health record administration, nutrition, engineering, science, veterinary, health information technology, and other health-relatedoccupations. Agencies within the Public Health Service are * Administration for Children and Families (ACF)* Administration on Aging (AoA)* Agency for Healthcare interrogation and Quality (AHRQ)* Agency for hepatotoxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)* Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)* Federal Occupational Health (FOH)* food for thought and Drug Administration (FDA)* Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)* Indian Health Service (IHS)* National Institutes of Health (NIH)* Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)According to CHHS (2007), The California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS) oversees twelve departments and one board that provide a range of health care services, social services, mental health services, alcohol and drug treatment services, income assistance and public health services to Californians from all walks of life. Major programs include no-cost and low-cost health care coverage for low-income Californians (Medi-Cal) income support for the aged, blind or disabled (SSI/SSP) income support for CalWORKs recipients, low-cost public health insurance (Healthy Families) for children from working families.Other large programs a dministered by CHHS departments include food stamps, child welfare services, in- shell supportive services, support for the developmentally disabled, foster care, mental health services, drug and alcohol treatment, and vocational rehabilitation. CHHS directly serves millions of Californians in health and human service programs, while poignant the lives of all Californians through statewide efforts such as public health protection and emergency readying and response.Public Health Nursing Practice is the synthesis of nursing supposition and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations. The focus of practice is the community as a whole and the effect of the communitys health status (resources) on the health of individuals,families, and groups. Care is provided within the context of preventing disease and disability, and promoting and protect the health of the community as a whole (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). It is mainly composed of the followi ng areas Behavioral acquirement/Health Education, Biostatistics, Emergency Medical Services, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Services Administration/Management, International/Global Health, matriarchal and Child Health, Nutrition, Public Health Laboratory Practice, Public Health Policy, Public Health Practice (What Is Public Health?, n.d.).Community Health Nursing Practice is the synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting, preserving, and maintaining the health of populations through the delivery of personal health care services to individuals, families, and groups. The focus of practice is to preserve the health of individuals, families, and groups and the effect of their health status on the health status of the community as a whole (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). Community nursing works with the individual in hospitals, nursing homes, home healthcare, and hospice. Nurses in this field work in government and private agencies, clinics, and other private settings. They focus on populations, working with individuals, groups, and families to improve the overall health of communities. They educate about health care issues, disease prevention, nutrition, and childcare, and also work with community leaders, teachers, parents, and physicians in community health education.In conclusion, public health is concerned with protect the health of entire populations. Its vision is Healthy People in Healthy Communities. Its mission is to Promote strong-arm and Mental Health and Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability. This is accomplished by preventing epidemics and the spread of disease protecting against environmental hazards preventing injuries promoting and encourage healthy behaviors responding to disasters and assists communities in recovery and, assures the quality and accessibility of health services.Through public education, health promotion and disease prevention, the public will have the opportunity to take control of thei r own personal health. Research and analysis help to guide recommendations and teaching. As new information is discovered, the teaching for health promotion changes. Public health is put into action bylegislation and political acts. Community healthcare may be for profit, nonprofit or government run healthcare delivery systems for individuals. Policy and recommendations are done through public health and delivered through community health. Public health nursing is vital to the health and well-being of the nation as a whole.ReferencesCHHS. (2007). Retrieved from http//www.chhs.ca.gov/Pages/default.aspxStanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2008). Population-centered health care in the community (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier. U.S. Department of Health &Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.hhs.gov/about/ What is Public Health?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.whatispublichealth.org/what/index.html Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory (1920 Jan 9). The Untilled Fields of Public Health. Science 51 (1306) 2333).

Euthanasia Outline

euthanasiathe intentional killing by act or omission of a subordinate human being for his or her alleged benefit. (The key word here is intentional. If cobblers last is non intended, it is not an act of mercy killing) Voluntary euthanasiaWhen the soulfulness who is killed has requested to be killed. no.-voluntaryWhen the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent. Involuntary euthanasiaWhen the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary. aid self-annihilationSome single provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they go forth be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps an otherwise person to kill themselves it is called physician assisted self-destruction. euthanasia By ActionIntentionally causing a persons stopping point by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection. Euthanasia By OmissionIntentionally causing final stage by not providi ng necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water. 1. Unbearable inconvenience as the earth for euthanasiaProbably the major argument in favor of euthanasia is that the person involved is in slap-up ail. Today, advances are constantly being made in the treatment of pain and, as they advance, the case for euthanasia/assisted- self-annihilation is proportionally weakened. Euthanasia advocates stress the cases of unbearable pain as reasons for euthanasia,but then they soon hold adrugged state. I guess that is in case virtually no uncontrolled pain cases put forward be found then they roll in the hay say those nation are drugged into a no-pain state but they collect to be euthanasiaed from such a state because it is not dignified.See the opening for the slimed slope? How do you measure dignity? No it will be euthanasia on lease. The pro-euthanasia folks stupefy already started down the slope. They are even now not stoping with unbearable pain they are alrady including this drugged state and other circumstances. N earlier all pain can be avoidd and in those rare cases where it cant be eliminated it can still be reduced significantly if proper treatment is provided. It is a national and international scandal that so umpteen people do not get fitted pain control. But killing is not the answer to that scandal.The solution is to mandate better education of wellness care professionals on these crucial issues, to expand access to health care, and to inform patients about their mightys as consumers. Everyone whether it be a person with a life-threatening illness or a chronic condition has the springful to pain relief. With modern advances in pain control, no patient should ever be in torturesome pain. However, most doctors have never had a course in pain management so theyre incognizant of what to do. If a patient who is under a doctors care is in excruciating pain, theres definitely a need to find a different doctor.But that doctor should be one who will control the pain, not one who will kill the patient. There are board certified specialists in pain management who will not only help alleviate physical pain but are skilled in providing necessary support to deal with randy suffering and depression that often accompanies physical pain. 2. Demanding a aright to commit suicideProbably the second most third estate point pro-euthanasia people bring up is this so-called right. But what we are talking about is not giving a right to the person who is killed, but to the person who does the killing. In other words, euthanasia isnot about the right to start.Its about the right to kill. Euthanasia is not about giving rights to the person who dies but, instead, is about changing the law and public polity so that doctors, relatives and others can directly and intentionally end another persons life. tribe do have the power to commit suicide. self-destruction and attempted suicide are not criminalized. self-des truction is a tragic, individual act. Euthanasia is not about a private act. Its about letting one person facilitate the death of another. That is a matter of very public concern since it can lead to tremendous abuse, exploitation and corroding of care for the most vulnerable people among us. . Should people be forced to stay alive? No. And neither the law nor medical ethics requires that everything be done to keep a person alive. Insistence, against the patients wishes, that death be postponed by every means available is contrary to law and practice. It would also be ferocious and inhumane. There comes a quantify when continued attempts to cure are not compassionate, wise, or medically sound. Thats where hospice, including in-home hospice care, can be of such help. That is the time when all efforts should be placed on making the patients remaining time comfortable.Then, all interventions should be directed to alleviating pain and other symptoms as advantageously as to the provi sion of emotional and spiritual support for both the patient and the patients loved ones. 14th through 20th Century slope Common Law (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 majuscule v. Glucksberg touch sensation written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) More specifically, for over 700 years, the Anglo American common law tradition has punished or otherwise dis approve of both suicide and assisting suicide. pic 19th Century United States (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 uppercase v.Glucksberg opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) That suicide remained a grievous, though nonfelonious, misuse is confirmed by the fact that colonial and early state legislatures and courts did not retreat from prohibiting assisting suicide. Swift, in his early 19th century treatise on the laws of Connecticut, stated that if one counsels another to commit suicide, and the other by reason of the advice kills himself, the advisor is guilty of murder as principal. 2 Z. Swift, A Digest of the Laws of the State of Connecticut 270 (1823). This was the well established common law view, see In re Joseph G. 34 Cal. 3d 429, 434-435, 667 P. 2d 1176, 1179 (1983) province v. Mink, 123 Mass. 422, 428 (1877) (Now if the murder of ones self is felony, the accessory is equally guilty as if he had aided and abetted in the murder) (quoting Chief Justice Parkers charge to the jury in Commonwealth v. Bowen, 13 Mass. 356 (1816)), as was the similar teaching that the consent of a homicide victim is wholly immaterial to the guilt of the person who caused his death, 3 J. Stephen, A chronicle of the Criminal Law of England 16 (1883) see 1 F. Wharton, Criminal Law 451-452 (9th ed. 1885) Martin v.Commonwealth, 184 Va. 1009, 1018-1019, 37 S. E. 2d 43, 47 (1946) ( The right to life and to personal security is not only sacred in the estimation of the common law, but it is inalienable ). And the prohibitions against assisting suicide never contained ex ceptions for those who were near death. Rather, the life of those to whom life had become a burdenof those who were dispiritedly diseased or fatally woundednay, even the lives of criminals condemned to death, were under the protection of law, equally as the lives of those who were in the full tide of lifes enjoyment, and anxious to continue to live. Blackburn v. State, 23 Ohio St. 146, 163 (1872) see Bowen, supra, at 360 (prisoner who persuaded another to commit suicide could be tried for murder, even though victim was scheduled shortly to be executed). pic 1828 Earliest American statute explicitly to outlaw assisting suicide (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) The earliest American statute explicitly to outlaw assisting suicide was enacted in modern York in 1828, Act of Dec. 10, 1828, ch. 20, 4, 1828 N.Y. Laws 19 (codified at 2 N. Y. Rev. Stat. pt. 4, ch. 1, tit. 2, art. 1, 7, p. 661 ( 1829)), and many of the new States and Territories followed New Yorks example. Marzen 73-74. Between 1857 and 1865, a New York commission led by Dudley Field drafted a criminal autograph that prohibited aiding a suicide and, specifically, furnishing another person with any deadly weapon or injurious drug, knowing that such person intends to use such weapon or drug in victorious his own life. Id. , at 76-77. pic 20th Century United States (Excerpt is from the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) Though deeply rooted, the States assisted suicide bans have in recent years been reexamined and, generally, reaffirmed. Because of advances in medicine and technology, Americans today are increasingly likely to die in institutions, from chronic illnesses. Presidents Commn for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Deciding to antecede feeling Sustaining Treatment 16-18 (19 83).Public concern and democratic action are therefore sharply focused on how best to protect dignity and independence at the end of life, with the result that there have been many significant changes in state laws and in the attitudes these laws reflect. Many States, for example, now permit living wills, surrogate health care decisionmaking, and the withdrawal or refusal of life sustaining medical treatment. See Vacco v. Quill, post, at 9-11 79 F. 3d, at 818-820 People v. Kevorkian, 447 Mich. 436, 478-480, and nn. 53-56, 527 N. W. 2d 714, 731-732, and nn. 53-56 (1994).At the same time, however, voters and legislators continue for the most part to reaffirm their States prohibitions on assisting suicide. pic 1920 The book Permitting the Destruction of Life not Worthy of Life was published. In this book, authors Alfred Hoche, M. D. , a professor of psychiatry at the University of Freiburg, and Karl Binding, a professor of law from the University of Leipzig, argued that patients who a sk for death assistance should, under very carefully controlled conditions, be able to incur it from a physician. This book helped support involuntary euthanasia by Nazi Germany. pic 935 The Euthanasia Society of England was create to promote euthanasia. pic1939 Nazi Germany (From The History Place web site) In October of 1939 amid the turmoil of the outbreak of war Hitler logical widespread mercy killing of the sick and handicapped. Code named Aktion T 4, the Nazi euthanasia program to eliminate life unworthy of life at first focused on newborns and very young children. Midwives and doctors were ask to register children up to age three who showed symptoms of mental retardation, physical deformity, or other symptoms included on a questionnaire from the Reich Health Ministry. The Nazi euthanasia program quickly expanded to include older disabled children and adults. Hitlers decree of October, 1939, typed on his personal stationery and back dated to Sept. 1, enlarged the authority of certain physicians to be designated by name in such manner that persons who, according to human judgment, are incurable can, upon a most careful diagnosis of their condition of sickness, be accorded a mercy death. pic1995 Australias Northern Territory approved a euthanasia bill It went into effect in 1996 and was overturned by the Australian Parliament in 1997. pic 1998 U. S. tate of Oregon legalizes assisted suicide pic 1999 Dr. Jack Kevorkian sentenced to a 10-25 year prison term for giving a lethal injection to Thomas Youk whose death was shown on the 60 Minutes television program. pic 2000 The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia. pic 2002 Belgium legalizes euthanasia. pic 2008 U. S. state of Washington legalizes assisted suicide Arguments For Euthanasia It provides a guidance to relieve extreme pain It provides a way of relief when a persons quality of life is low Frees up medical funds to help other people It is another case of freedom of choiceArguments Against Euthanasi a Euthanasia devalues human life Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment Physicians and other medical care people should not be involved in directly causing death There is a catchy slope effect that has occurred where euthanasia has been first been legalized for only the terminally ill and later laws are changed to vacate it for other people or to be done non-voluntarily. Places in the World Where Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide are Legal Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg , Oregon and Washington ORGANIZATIONS AGAINST EUTHANASIA Canada Compassionate Healthcare net income (BC, Canada) Euthanasia Prevention Coalition (Ontario, Canada) First International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide (2007) US International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide ADAPT (People with disabilities) (Illinois, USA) Nightingale conjunction The Robert Powell Center for Medical Ethics List of Disability Groups Opposing Assisted Suicide The Disability ri ghtfields teaching and Defense stemma True Compassion Advocates Californians Against Assisted Suicide (2007) CURE (Citizens United Resisting Euthanasia) Views on Euthanasia (Sponsored by CURE) Pro-life Movement Increasingly Takes on Assisted Suicide Black Americans for Life Wisconsin Right to Life Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia Page Pro-Life Colleges and Seminaries Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund TASHs Resolution Opposing the Legalization of Assisted Suicide Disability Groups Opposing Physician Assisted Suicide List of Some Groups Opposing Physician Assisted Suicide Largest U. S. Organization of Latin Americans Opposes Assisted Suicide (2006) Symposium on Opposing Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia (2007) Lifeissues. nets Euthanasia Articles (2008) Life TreeUK Care Not killing First Do No Harm (By Doctors in the UK) ALERT (UK) British Section of the World federation of Doctors Who Respect Human Life World World Youth Alliance supports the Duke of Luxem bourgs ratiocination to Veto Euthanasia Legislation (2008) International Euthanasia Symposium Held in Virginia, USA (2009) Second International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, Virginia, USA (2009) First International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, Toronto, Canada (2007) World confederation of Doctors Who Respect Human Life ORGANIZATIONS FOR EUTHANASIA-Right To Die Organizations

Modern history of JAPAN

Distinct features of constitution1.According to Meiji constitution, all political power is in the emperor moths hand.2.The principle that sovereignty resided in person of the Emperor, by integrity of his manufacturer ancestry unbroken for ages eternal, rather than the people, No other have chance to catch position3.The Emperor, nominally at least, united indoors himself all three branches (executive and legislative and judiciary) of government, albeit subject to the swallow of the Imperial Diet.4.Sacred and inviolable, a formula which was construed by hard-line monarchists to mean that emperor carry the right to withdraw the constitution, or to ignore its provisions.5.The Emperors commands (including Imperial Ordinance, Edicts, Rescripts, etc) had no legal major power within themselves, but required the key signature of a Minister of State.6.The Emperor also had the restore rights to chance upon war, make peace, conclude treatiesDemocracy in Meiji constitution.Peoples right 1. Freedom of speech, fictionalisation and association2. Privacy of correspondence3. Private property4. Freedom of movement5. Freedom of religion6. unspoiled to be appointed to civil or military or any other public offices equally.Moreover, gibe to constitution, the Emperors commands (including Imperial Ordinance, Edicts, Rescripts, etc) had no legal force within themselves, but required the signature of a Minister of State.Depart from Democracy.1 All political powers in the Emperors hand.2 The Meiji Constitution was founded on the principle that sovereignty resided in person of the Emperor, by virtue of his divine ancestry unbroken for ages eternal, rather than the people3 The Emperor, nominally at least, united within himself all three branches (executive and legislative and judiciary) of government,4 Ministers of State were appointed by (and could be dismissed by) the Emperor alone, and not by the Prime Minister or the Diet.5 The Emperor also had the sole rights to make war, m ake peace, conclude treaties

Standard Chartered and Dubai World The lending problem Essay

Standard Chartered and Dubai World The lending problem - Essay casefulThis paper focuses upon Standard Chartered Plc, a financial work come with, which operates in more than 70 countries round the world. The headquarter of the banking company in capital of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom. The company has entered different countries through the joint venture, subsidiaries etc. The operation of the company is diversified as it offers operations in consumer banking, institutional banking, and corporate banking also. Standard Chartered is listed on the London Stock Exchange also it is the constituent of the FTSE 100 index. The company is also diversified globally as it offers services all the continents of the world. 90% of the revenue of the company comes from the Middle East and other Asian countries and Africa. The bank offers a diversified range of products including mortgage loans, investment banking, wealth management, corporate banking, wealth management services etc. Dubai World is among one of the main clients of Standard Chartered Bank. The investment company has faced opinion crisis in the fourth dimension of the financial recession and the main creditor of the company was Standard Chartered bank. The geographical comportment of the company minimizes their risk. In a globalized world where the multinational companies have to face different political conditions, sparing conditions in different countries, then only diversification can minimize the risk of the portfolio of the company. In the time of financial crisis of 2007-09, when all the markets throughout the world have broken, then the diversification helped the company to manage the situation.

Business requirements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business requirements - Assignment ExampleAmong the advances of technology, include the innovation of the micro central processor which increased the amount of processed information as compared to the information that individuals and firms could have processed, internet innovation withal led to availability of markets that are functional always whereby information could be passed at the appropriate time. On the other hand, changes in the communication sector makes businesses are allocated in areas where production termss are low-pitched but high profit margins. Advancements in the communication sector have led to creation on global markets since marketers effectively communicate with their consumers. Hence, the continuous innovation space in which recognized firms tend to thrive is shown by a dependence on subsisting value networks as well as a snug financial hurdle rate. Nevertheless, this space is not without defies even for original corporations. Thus, scrutinizing it facili tate the provision views on the hardships find out companies stumble upon when they depart the relative comfort zone of maintaining innovation.Therefore, the article is all about identifying the main planetary business model aspects in conjunction with their interdependencies and providing analysis of MNOs with an aim of improving their BMs in this new competitory environment. Moreover, changes in technology have led to global businesses since firms have expand globally, transported products to their consumers at a cost effective price and communicate with them effectively. Likewise, the convergence of these technologies is to en able-bodied mobile users to converse richer information in extraordinary levels of litheness and expediency (Al-Debei & Avison 217). One of the essential uses of markets and hierarchies in the electronic business is that the electronic market is able to cover a broad range of activities for the seller and the customer that converge at one place. Activit ies flex easier and convenient

Computer Network Security Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer electronic ne twork hostage - Case Study ExampleIn order to defend digital learning, organizations argon keen to implement technical controls such as firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems, honeypots and Demilitarized zones. These controls are considered as logical and provide aegis measures on the logical layer. However, often the important aspect i.e. information security heed is not addressed to the optimal level. A typical information security plan is led by an information security manager who establishes a steering committee for discussing security aspects counseling not only on the IT department but every department within the enterprise. Some of the watchfulness controls that are implemented by the information security manager are IT governance, Risk management, monitoring gravestone Process Indicators (KPI) and Key Goal Indicators (KGI). KPI demonstrates the current state of security within an organization and KGI demonstrates the level of security to be a chieved. As per the current scenario, critical data must be protected by implementing Firewalls to unassailable the network from external logical threats and Virtual Private Network go forth be implemented for securing the data transmission on the Wide Area Network. 2 Detailed Network Security Recommendations 2.1 Fundamentals of Firewall and VPN Network security appliances are implemented for providing three fundamental functions i.e. prevention, detection, and correction. Some of the most commonly adopted security appliances are Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Firewall is defined as a piece of software or computer hardware device that ? filters the information coming through the Internet connection into a private network or a computer system. Firewall enforces an access control policy between two or more networks with two key functions to block unwanted traf?c, and to permit wanted traf?c (Firewall.2007). Similarly, as per network dictionary, Intrusion detection syst em is defined as Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a type of security management system for computers and networks. An IDS gathers and analyzes information from various areas within a computer or a network to commit possible security breaches, which include both intrusions and misuse. 2.2 Recommendation for Firewall and VPN Remote access VPN provide emulation of a workstation to a remote user. It can extend every application related to data, video or voice communication. Remote access VPN can provide highly customizable and secure remote access to employees anywhere anytime with any matched device (Vachon & Graziani,). They can access the network resources and data access with any compatible device. The remote access VPN portrays a realistic user experience as the user access his experience system. The access is more flexible and easy because it can be operated by any compatible cipher device. Remote access VPN supports a wide variety of connectivity options and platforms, f ulfilling the user requirements efficiently. 2.3 Recommended Solution for the Enterprise-A recommended solution for the enterprise will be a hardware-based firewall that is also called as Adaptive Security appliance ASA 5500 from Cisco. The Cisco ASA 5500 Series Security Appliances personalize the security for specific network requirements such as securing credit card transactions.

Engaging migrants in the uk in the uptake of hepititis B screening and Essay

Engaging migrants in the uk in the uptake of hepititis B screening and treatment - test ExampleMost governments atomic number 18 characterised by revolve abouting their resources towards control and prevention of the spread of HIV without pay close attention to hepatitis B. Once a person contracts HIV, the life of that individual is not threatened. This is beca function in that respect are ways of managing the virus and the individuals life can be prolonged through the use of antiretroviral drugs. These antiretroviral drugs help keep the HIV levels in the body down, enabling the person to live a common life free of any complications (ACHORD, 2009 104). The same cannot be said of a hepatitis B victim be acquire there are no drugs available to mitigate the effects of the virus in the body, especially on the coloured (ZUCKERMAN & MUSHAHWAR, 2004 159). The fact that the hepatitis B virus can be spread faster than the HIV and that hepatitis Bs probability of killing its victim is h igh makes it a necessary requirement that governments adopt more miserly measures in curbing the spread of the virus. Spread of the hepatitis B virus can largely be attributed to immigrants who cause from regions of the world where there is a high prevalence of the risk of contracting the virus. In the context of this paper, focus is going to be drawn onto immigrants of African origin. The fact hepatitis B affects a majority of people at their most productive age irrespective of their racial, ethnic or religious background is a cause for serious concern. Hepatitis B, as HIV, cuts across all cultural boundaries and its impact, on the health of nations world and economies is going to greater lengths than that caused by HIV if not properly mitigated (SHERMAN, 2012 178). The migration of Africans to the UK has been on the increase from the nineties with the annual estimates according to the LFS (Labour Force Survey) being at around 30,000 people (OECD, 2010 88). The majority of thes e immigrants originate from the westbound and Central Africa regions of the continent. Migration from other regions of the continent, especially South and East Africa, were noticeable in 2000. All of these figures represent the immigrants who came to Britain and never left. Most of the African immigrants to the UK are psychiatric hospital seekers especially from sub-Saharan Africa because this region has experienced wars, civil conflicts and governmental unrest. Examples of these countries are Chad, Central African Republic, the congo basin and Mali (OECD, 2010 85). A common characteristic of African asylum seekers is that they come from Britains former colonies and the bulk of these applications come from southerly and Eastern Africa. Examples of these countries are Somalia, Algeria, Zimbabwe, Congo and DR Congo and Nigeria. Migration for asylum purposes has been on the decline, and a new emerging trend is now being witnessed where the majority of migration is take a shit rela ted. The bulk of these immigrant workers is African doctors and nurses with the rest of the immigrant population being accounted for by dependants and students. The majority of these immigrants live in the Southern and Eastern regions of the UK with people from Eastern and Southern Africa being more geographically widespread than other Africans. The demographics of Africans brio in the UK present a situation where their interaction with the rest of the white population is high. If they were carriers of the hepatitis virus, their likelihood of counterpane the virus to the rest of the population